Saúde e segurança alimentar: a questão dos agrotóxicos

Wednesday, November 3, 2015

Saúde e segurança alimentar: a questão dos agrotóxicos

Health and food safety: the pesticides issue

         The modern agriculture introduced besides new techniques, equipments and a higher number of agronomical researches, a diversity of new products, as pesticides and fertilizers. It also brought up changes in labor hours and working conditions, as well as risks linked to the new activities, that later reflected in health, especially for rural workers. World Health Organization believes that per year between 3 and 5 millions of people are intoxicated world wide and pesticide residue in food continues to preoccupy consumers that need more information about this theme. This article aims on gathering information about the theme and to support discussion among different social actors, also showing the Brazilian experience in health surveillance in its pathway to reach food security. Researches in Brazil and elsewhere were raised reporting occupational exposure and problems related to human and environmental health and data related to food analyses. Actions are suggested to minimize pesticide effect, for example the improvement on fiscalization over sales and use of these chemical products, changes in labels and safety equipments. The authors expect that the article may collaborate to preventive actions.

 Source: Illona Maria de Brito Sá Stoppelli^I; Cláudio Picanço Magalhães^II

^ICentro de Recursos Hídricos e Ecologia Aplicada (CRHEA), Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento/SHS, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos/USP, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Engenharia Ambiental. Rua Pereira da Silva, 251/804 b2, Laranjeiras, 22221-140, Rio de Janeiro RJ. ilona@bol.com.br 
^IIFaculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas/USP e Faculdade JK, Brasília DF

 Glossary: 1.  Pesticides- agrotóxicos, 2.  Intoxication – intoxicação, 3.  Food – alimentos, 4.  Environmental health – saúde ambiental, 5. Article – artigos, 6. Aims- objetivo, 7.  Higher- superior, 8.  Researches – pesquisas, 9.  Elsewhere- em outro lugar, 10. Pathway – caminho.

Aluno: Célik

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/emres/chemagent.html

EMERGENCY RESPONSE RESOURCES

Chemical Hazards

Chemical agent information is needed for workers to appropriately plan for risks resulting from possible chemical incidents. Several organizations have developed information databases, including short-term and long-term criteria, each with specific purposes, exposure scenarios, and severity of adverse health effects considered in their development.

needed for workers = necessária aos trabalhadores

plan = plano

resulting = resultado

Several organizations = várias organizações

Databases = base de dados

including short-term = incluindo curto praso

purposes = efeitos

exposure scenarios = cenários de exposição

effects = efeitos

Aluna = Lucinea Melo Leal

Firefighter

Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities

Firefighter Factsheet | July 2013

Firefighting can be perilous work. Over the past 4 years, an average of 31 firefighters were killed on the job each year and 14,700 suffered work-related nonfatal injuries and illnesses that resulted in time away from work.

Firefighters are described under the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system as individuals who control and extinguish fires or respond to emergency situations where life, property, or the environment is at risk. Duties may include fire prevention, emergency medical service, hazardous material response, search and rescue, and disaster assistance. This occupational category does not include fire inspectors or fire investigators. Firefighters are mainly employed in local government (91 percent in 2010), with the remainder employed by federal or state governments.

A total of 28 firefighters were fatally injured at work in 2011. The 2011 total represents a 29-percent decrease over the average number of firefighters killed per year from 2003 to 2010. The 2011 fatal injury rate for firefighters was 2.5 per 100,000 full-time equivalent workers, compared with 3.5 for all occupations. In addition, there were 14,890 nonfatal occupational injury and illness cases involving days away from work to firefighters in 2011, an 18-percent increase from 2010. The 2011 rate of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses for firefighters was 475.2 per 10,000 full-time workers, compared with 117.3 for all occupations and ownerships.

Men accounted for all the job-related firefighter fatalities from 2007 to 2011. Similarly, nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses occurred predominately among men. Women accounted for approximately 8 percent of the nonfatal cases in 2011, although women represented just 4.5 percent of all employed firefighters in 2011. 

The two primary events or exposures resulting in fatal occupational injuries to firefighters in 2011 were fires (36 percent) and transportation incidents (29 percent). Half of the 2011 fatal fire events were associated with a collapsing building, structure, or structural elements during the fire. Of the 8 fatal transportation incidents, 5 were due to roadway incidents, 2 involved pedestrians, and 1 was the result of an aircraft incident.

Alternatively, nonfatal firefighter injuries and illnesses in 2011 were generally associated with overexertion and bodily reaction (45 percent), contact with objects and equipment (23 percent), and falls, slips and trips (14 percent). The parts of body most frequently associated with nonfatal firefighter occupational injuries were the lower extremities (26 percent), upper extremities (23 percent), and the trunk (22 percent).

Glossary:
Perilous: Perigoso
Average: Média
Suffered: Sofreu
Mainly: Principalmente
Remainder: Restante
Decrease: Diminuir
Rate: Taxa
Among: Dentre
Roadway: Estrada
Over exertion: Excesso de esforço




Source: http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/osar0017.htm

Daniel Alves da Silva

Workplace Hazard Awareness Course (WHAC)

The Workplace Hazard Awareness Course (WHAC) is a free training programme for teenagers.  It is usually taught in schools but can also be used for college induction training.  It was developed by IOSH with help from the HSE and is designed to prepare young people for their work experience or first job.  The course has more than 20 activities and takes 6 – 8 hours to deliver.  Teachers or trainers running free courses can download the course materials, which include an interactive presentation with film clips, a teacher guide, student workbook, evidence sheets and extension work. 

Source: http://safetywork.org/en/pages/target_groups/young_workers/workplace_hazard_awareness_course_whac.html

Glossary:

Awareness: Consciência

Course:Curso

Teenagers: Adolescentes

Taught: Ensinado

Young: Jovem

Deliver: Entregar

Sheets: Folhas

Aluna: Meyla Caroline Pereira

Temperature

Name: João Clauber de Carvalho Canela
Turm: Pós Graduação Engenharia Segurança no Trabalho.


Temperature

Both very cold and very hot temperatures can be dangerous to your health. In a very hot environment, the most serious concern is heat stroke, and in a cold environment, hypothermia and frostbite. While there is no maximum temperature specified, legislation does include a range of acceptable temperatures for various circumstances.


Source: http://www.ccohs.ca/topics/hazards/physical/temperature/


Glossary: Both: Ambas ou Ambos.
                very cold: Muito frio ou fria.
                Hot: Quente.
                frostbite: Congelamento.
                maximum: Máxima
                does include: Não  Incluem.
                acceptable: Aceitável.
                circumstances: Circunstancias.
                environment: Ambiente.
                 especified: Prevista.

Top Causes of Unintentional Injury and Death in Homes and Communities

Often, these tragedies happen when least expected – during a vacation, while doing chores at home or while driving across town. NSC encourages everyone to be aware of hazards related to leisure and recreational activities and take proper safety precautions. Here, in order, are the top causes of unintentional injury and death in homes and communities.

Poisoning

In 2011, poisonings overtook motor vehicle crashes for the first time as the leading cause of unintentional-injury-related death for all ages combined. Poisoning deaths are caused by gases, chemicals and other substances, but prescription drug overdose is by far the leading cause

Fonte: http://www.nsc.org/learn/safety-knowledge/Pages/safety-at-home.aspx?var=mnd

Vocabulário:

Injury: lesões

happen: acontecem

proper: adequado

overtook: ultrapoassou

unintentional: intencional

Thalis Paschoal

Provide the right workplace facilities

Provide the right workplace facilities

 You must provide the right workplace facilities for everyone in your workplace, including people with disabilities. However this doesn’t have to be complicated or time-consuming.

Basic things you need to consider are outlined below.
Welfare facilities

For your employees' well-being you need to provide:

    toilets and hand basins, with soap and towels or a hand-dryer;
    drinking water;
    a place to store clothing (and somewhere to change if special clothing is worn for work);
    somewhere to rest and eat meals.

Health issues

To have a healthy working environment, make sure there is:

    good ventilation – a supply of fresh, clean air drawn from outside or a ventilation system;
    a reasonable working temperature (usually at least 16°C, or 13°C for strenuous work, unless other laws require lower temperatures);
    lighting suitable for the work being carried out;
    enough room space and suitable workstations and seating;
    a clean workplace with appropriate waste containers.   .

Source: http://www.hse.gov.uk/simple-health-safety/workplace.htm

Vocabulary:

Provide: fornecer
Facilities: instalações
disabilities: deficiência
outlined below: descritos a seguir
well- being: bem-estar
hand-dryer: secador de mãos
meals: refeições
supply: suprimento
drawn: aspirado
reasonable: razoável
strenuous:  extremamente
unless: a não ser que
suitable: apropriada